Overview

Knowledge graphs represent real-world entities and the relationships between them as a directed graph. Nodes represent entities (people, places, concepts), edges represent relationships, and both can carry typed attributes. Unlike tabular data, knowledge graphs capture the structure of knowledge itself.

Key Technologies

  • RDF (Resource Description Framework): The W3C standard for expressing knowledge graph triples (subject, predicate, object)
  • SPARQL: Query language for RDF knowledge graphs
  • OWL: Web Ontology Language for defining class hierarchies and inference rules
  • JSON-LD: JSON-based serialization for linked data

Applications

  • Semantic search and recommendation systems
  • Enterprise data integration across heterogeneous sources
  • Scientific knowledge representation (biomedical ontologies)
  • Personal knowledge management (Obsidian, Roam)